Knee joint arthritis (gonartrosis, osteoarthrosis) is the deformation and destruction of the cartilage, which is associated with pain.This condition can lead to a loss of functionality and even disability.The disease most often affects women over 40 years old, especially prone to fullness.At a young age, arthritis occurs due to damage taken during the sport or difficult physical work.The disease can be biased or bilateral if both feet are affected.It is necessary to treat the pathology comprehensively.
The reasons for the development
There are two forms of knee joint arthrosis, depending on the causes of the disease:
- primary;
- secondary
The primary form develops in childhood and is associated with improper formation of ligaments or joints, which are even more distorted during physical activity.
The secondary form is caused by the reasons described in the table:
| Reason | Description |
| hurt | Fractures, displacements, meniscus damage.It is these factors that contribute to the development of arthrosis at a young age.In the presence of injuries, it is impossible to bend and bend the limb.Treatment consists of temporary fixing of the foot, which exacerbates the circulatory process.This becomes the reason for the formation of arthrosis.When a meniscus is removed, diseases develop in 9 out of 10 cases |
| Incremental load | They must correspond to a person's age.With excess loads, microtrauma and extension occur, which do not always feel but cause significant damage to the state of the joints.All movements during sports should be calm.Knee ties are more amazed while running and gathering |
| Excess weight | This factor causes meniscus damage.In full people, the restoration of the knee joint occurs longer, as the additional load by excess weight lies exactly on the knees.Severe form of arthrosis due to overweight arises in relation to varicose veins |
| The weakness of the ligamentous apparatus | This condition is most often combined with the so -called removable joints.In this case, a person has a flexible body and can sit in the twine without a warm job, which leads to microtrauma, and then to arthrosis, if there is more damage.Joints of the joints can also be associated with damaged foot sensitivity, so a person does not feel pain in injury |
| Common diseases | Arthritis often occurs in the presence of arthritis (rheumatoid, reactive or psoriatic).In this case, the accumulation of synovial fluid in the joint cavity occurs, which leads to the destruction of tissue and arthrosis |
| Violation of metabolic processes | If disturbances occur in the fabric, do not take the necessary minerals and substances.Calcium deficiency adversely affects the condition of the cartilage.This condition also leads to salt deposition |
| Stress | With persistent nerve stress and mood swings, worsening blood circulation occurs, swelling and inflammation occur |
The disease can occur in one -sided form (right or left) or bilateral form:
- Injury is the cause of one -sided arthrosis;
- Obesity - bilateral.
Symptoms
Symptoms of knee joint arthrosis vary depending on the stage of the disease.The classic order of their show is described in the table:
| symptom | Description |
| Creating and clicking links | This symptom often remains unnoticed, though the cramping indicates the onset of the process.To determine its presence, you need to put your hand in the knee cup and slowly bend and unlock the knee.Crunch or clicks feel quite easily |
| Pain | At the beginning of degenerative changes, it is almost not visible and intensified after static loads (weight lifting).On the contrary, dynamic load improves cartilage food.Pain is associated with exposure to nerve endings when you wipe the cartilage tissue.With the progression of the disease, the pain intensifies, as the inflammatory process and edema are also occurred.The development of pronounced inflammation is the signaling pain that also appears at rest |
| Driving station | This condition usually occurs after night sleep and lasts 30-60 minutes.Fibrin film is formed during the inaction of the joint and after sleep mechanically prevents its movement until partially deleted.The stiffness of movements that lasts more than an hour indicates another disease |
| Reduction of amplitude of movements | It manifests itself in the impossibility of bending the leg to the knee to the end.The patient, trying to minimize the pain, tries to move his leg less.Ligaments arranged in a small volume of movements over time and shorten |
| Increasing the volume of union | It occurs due to swelling of the soft tissue surrounding the joint, and growing in the form of points along its edge, which, with the progression of the disease, joins in a single group |
| Joint | In this case, the joint is blocked in a certain position and with each displacement causes pain.This is due to changes on the surface of the joint, in which the inner ligaments go beyond the natural bone harness, which leads to its extent.The connection is fixed in a certain position and can turn into the beginner one can only with the reverse ligament ligament.In rare cases, blockage occurs due to foreign bodies (for example, meniscus parts) in the joint gap |
| The displacement and subluxation | These conditions are found with advanced arthritis.With a displacement, the foot shaft moves to the side, and the insertion of the joint is quite difficult.Subluxation is associated with partial displacement of the surface of the joint in relation to the normal position.In this case, the pain is pronounced, but the deviation of the lower leg towards the small |
The rate and type of illness
There are 3 degrees of diseases that depend on the severity of the symptoms.
First
The 1st degree arthrosis continues almost asymptomatic.In this case, they are characterized by:
- Fatigue in the leg;
- little pain after the load that passes at rest;
- slight reduction of post -sleep mobility;
- Rarely - accumulation of synovial fluid, which leads to the formation of a baker's cyst;
From the outside, the joint deformation is not visible.In X -rays, the disease is either not visible, or minor irregularities manifest in the cartilage tissue and the surface of the bone.Additional studies are required without fail.
Second
The symptoms in this case will be more pronounced:
- The pain occurs from the minimum load, but after the break it passes;
- A crisis occurs during movement;
- It becomes impossible to bend your leg;
- Bones of joint change;
- Synovite progresses;
- The shape of the joint changes, which is associated with fluid accumulation.
On X -Ray, bone growth is visible.
Third
For the 3rd degree arthrosis, the characteristic features are:
- pain that is unrelated to the load (union worries even at night);
- completely disturbed mobility;
- The sensitivity of the union to change in the weather.
Radiography shows changes in the cartilage and the surface of the joint.Leg bending leads to disability.
Arthrosis deformity (DOA) is caused by bone storage.Most often, women with overweight suffer from them.The main symptoms are acute pain and cramping in the joint.Treatment should also be started at the initial stage - in this case, the chance to store the cartilage tissue is quite high.
Depending on the localization, arthritis may be:
- knees;
- hip (coxarthrosis);
- cervix;
- shoulder;
- Lottery;
- ankle;
- vertebrates.
Comprehensive treatment
The therapy of this disease is quite long.In medicine, there are 3 main stages of treatment depending on the degree of the disease:
| The degree of arthrosis | Therapeutic measures |
| 1 |
|
| 2 |
|
| 3 |
|
medicaments
The medicines are based on 3 groups of drugs:
- Non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs.
- Glucocorticosteroids.
- Chondroprotectors.
NSAID
This is a group of medicines that have an anti -inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect.They are divided into two groups:
- Not -Legant.The anti -inflammatory effect of the drug manifests itself in all tissues of the body, including healthy ones.
- Selective.Act directly on the focus of inflammation.
The most common side effect of these medicines is the formation of ulcers and erosion of the stomach and intestine 12-Empire.Moreover, it is recommended to get funds to protect the mucosa.At the same time, local NSAIDs do not provoke such negative consequences, so they can be used for a long time.
In order to achieve rapid pain relief and anti -inflammatory effect, intramuscular injections with NSAIDs are prescribed.
Glucocorticosteroid
These medicines are prescribed if the effect of NSAIDs is insufficient.
Hormonal compounds for arthritis are used only local - in the form of intra -articular ointments or injections.Ointments with glucocorticosteroids cannot be used for more than 7-10 consecutive days.A longer course leads to skin atrophy at the site of application.
Intra -articular injections are necessary when painkillers and anti -inflammatory effects from NSAID and oil with hormones are not enough.
The effect of injections on the joint occurs quite quickly: the patient feels relief in the first hour.The duration of the injection depends on how long the medicine will be in the joint cavity.This is affected by two factors - the volume of the administered drug and its consumption.The stronger the cartilage damage, the more the medicine is spent.
Chondroprotectors
The mechanism of action of this group of medicines is based on the distribution of the substances needed for its restoration in the articular cartilage.During chondroprotectors:
- Has no anti -inflammatory and analgesic effects;
- The therapeutic effect occurs gradually;
- It turns out that prevention is due to the prevention of further destruction of the cartilage.
These medicines include substances that form the joining cartilage:
- the construction substance of the cartilage, which is necessary to maintain its structure;
- The basis of intraarticular fluid production.
It is necessary to take medication for a long time (3-5 months).
Physiotherapy
Arthrosis physiotherapy is a method of physical impact, which has a beneficial effect on the condition of the knee joint.The main condition to achieve a positive result is the correct choice of the necessary procedures.
Physiotherapy is just an auxiliary tool.
The table describes the procedures used for the arthrosis of the knee joint:
| NAME | INFLUENCE | Treatment duration |
| Electrophoresis using medicines | Under the influence of direct electric current, some medicines can be delivered to the deep tissues of the joint.Anesthetics and chlorine medicines are most often prescribed | Half an hour every day for 2 weeks |
| Ultraphonophoresis | Using ultraviolet waves, the active substances of the medication penetrate deep into the tissue.Hormonal, anti -inflammatory and tranquilizers are used together | No more than 10 minutes a day for 10-14 days |
| Laser | Under the influence of the light radiation package, specific molecules are activated, contributing to the restoration of metabolic and regenerative processes to the fabric | 7-10 minutes a day for 2 weeks |
| Infrared | Deep tissue heating occurs, as a result of which substances are formed that the onset of recovery reactions in the joint | 10 minutes.Course of treatment - 1 week |
| Impulsive magnetotherapy | Under the influence of a high -frequency magnetic field, changes occur in cells and tissues - the membranes strengthen, the metabolic processes are normalized | For union - 5-8 minutes for 7 days |
| Local Cryotherapy | Under the influence of low temperatures (a stream of cold air to -30 degrees) there is an increase in functions of all basic systems, which stimulates tissue restoration | 10 minutes for coupling for 10 days |
Some methods, when they meet improperly, can worsen the condition of the knee joint.
Surgical intervention
The medical method of treatment is aimed at the maximum delay when the only way of therapy is to replace the union of union with an artificial.Most often, such a decision is made in the last stage of arthrosis.
The main methods of surgical intervention are:
- Arthroscopy.A special needle is presented through the puncture, which removes the growth of bone that cause pain, as well as cartilage and fragments.
- Prosthetics.In this case, the damaged joint is removed and replaced by an artificial.Modern dentures are rarely rejected by the body.
Exercise therapy
A set of exercises for osteoarthritis helps restore common function and strengthen it.They must be performed slowly so that the ligaments do not extend.
Description:
- Lying in the stomach, slowly raise your legs alternately until a right corner is formed.The main emphasis is on the muscles of the thigh and the lower leg.Stress on the back should not be allowed.
- Lying in the stomach, lift your legs straight, as much as possible.In this position, reduce and educate alternately.This exercise is not suitable for everyone, as trained press muscles are needed.It is not recommended to perform it in people with high blood pressure.
- Lying on the side, bend the leg below.Raise the upper leg up and wake up for a few seconds at the upper point.
- Climb in socks, holding at the back of the chair.Linger on top while strain the leg muscles.
- Move one foot from the heel to the feet smoothly.The other leg is to perform the opposite action - from the toe to the heel.
- Rinse at the back of the chair and stand on the heel, raising socks, gradually increasing time.
- On the foot, rub your feet energically in the knee to the knee to the thigh.
Diet
There is no special diet for arthritis.Energy correction is aimed at reducing body weight, reducing the inflammatory process and strengthening articular structures.
The diet should be balanced, with a high content of vitamins and minerals.
Basic Principles:
- Limiting salt consumption (up to 5-8 g daily) and any salty product (canned food, chips, salt).
- Exclusion of fried dishes.It is recommended to bake food, simmer, cook or evaporate.
- Increased fluid consumption (up to 2-2.5 liters of water per day).
- Switching to partial food.
- Daily use of 2-3 fruits.
It is recommended to use the following dishes:
- fish and seafood;
- nuts;
- sunflower, olive and linseed oil;
- Retail meat and chicken;
- Fresh berries and fruits;
- vegetables - beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage;
- whole grain bread;
- Dairy and dairy products.
Popular methods
Before using any popular medicine, it is recommended to clarify the diagnosis and consult a doctor.The most effective recipes are described in the table:
| ingredient | Application method |
| Nettle leaves and juniper berries in an equal amount, honey in a ratio of 1: 3 |
|
| Root, flowers or branches of black old man |
|
| Bay leaf - 10 g, 250 ml of water |
|
| Mustard and dry honey (2 tablespoons), eggs |
|
| Cabbage |
|
| Chamomile, Calendula, Burdock in equal quantities, oil jelly |
|
Knee joint arthrosis is a serious disease that cannot be completely cured.If the first symptoms appear, it is recommended to consult a doctor and follow all his recommendations so as not to bring the disease to the last stage.